![]() Therefore the valence number for sodium is 1. The number of electrons used for bonding is the valence number or the number of electrons found in the outer shell.Įxample: Let's start by taking a look at the Sodium Atom's atomic diagramįrom the above we can see that the sodium atom has one electron in its last shell. They will "bond" with other atoms and in so doing they will achieve this "octet stability" state. To to this they will use one of the three methods above. This means that they will have room to place one or more electrons or to lose one or more electrons in order to achieve stability and look like the noble gases. Therefore these atoms also known as "inert" (non reactive) do not have a "need" to join with other atoms to fill their outer shells.Īpart from the noble gases, most other elements found in the periodic table will have an incomplete outer shell. This phenomenon does not allow for extra electrons to be placed in the outer shells of these atoms. Noble gases are stable elements because their last orbital (or shell) is completely filled with electrons. The octet rule of stability tells us that all atoms "aspire" to be like noble gases. Why do atoms join other atoms to form new substances called molecules? This type of bonding is called metallic bonding. This mainly takes place in metallic elements and explains the many properties of metals. Some elements are surrounded by a cloud of free electrons which are shared among all atoms of the same element. This sharing type of bonding is called molecular or covalent. They can be shared between two different atoms or they can be shared among the same element of the same atom. They can either be electrostatically moved from the atom of one element to another atom of a second element. ![]() There are three general ways in which electrons play a role in bonding. During bonding electrons are involved in "fusing or gluing" two or more atoms together. In general, bonding is a chemical change that occurs during chemical reactions. The process of two or more atoms joining together to form a molecule is called bonding.
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